Syllabus
Concept of Hyper Text Markup Language; 12 ATAR
Background
HyperText Markup Language or HTML is the standard language to make webpages.
Details
- HTML is Hyper Text Markup Language
- It tells the browser how to put the webpage together. ie How to set out the text, images and more.
- Tim Berners-Lee invented HTML in 1990 and he first used the hyperlink and the first real 'Web", which he made.
- He gave us the term Uniform Resource Locator, or URL.
- He developed HTTP, Hyper Text Transfer Protocol which is a set of rules for how computers talk to each other on the web.
- He formed an organisation, the World Wide Web Consortium, W3C, to oversee web improvements.
- Between 1990 and 1996 HTML started to get complicated, with other people making up their own HTML versions.
- In 1997, W3C officially said HTML ver 3.2 is the official for others to use. If they didn't do this, the different version would mean that browsers would not have the same code coming into them, causing the browsers not to work. Later in 1997, HTML 4.0 became the version to use.
- In 2000, XHTML became the new one to use. (recommendation from the W3C)
- In 2014, HTML5 became the new one to use. (recommendation from the W3C)
Tags
- it works on a tag system, which browsers use to put a webpage together
- the tags are in angle brackets, but the tag itself doesn't get displayed on the webpage
- most tags have a start <> and a finish </>
- some examples are below
- <html>start of webpage, end of webpage </html>
- <font>particular font and style</font>
- <b>bold words between these</b>
- <h1>heading largest size between these</h1>
- <h6>heading smallest size between these</h6>
- <p>paragraph between these</p>
- <a href="/ait/http://www.google.com" target="_blank">Google Website</a> Go to a new window for your new weblink
- <a href="/ait/nameofFile.htm"> Hyperlinks to file
- <a href="http://.www.thecomputingteacher.com/images/cavemanWheel2.png"> Hyperlinks to an image on the web.
- <a name="jumpTo"> Gets jump to ready
- <a href="#jumpTo"> Jumps to the spot you made in point above
- <a href="/ait/LeBronJamesBio.doc">Download Le Bron's Bio</a> Links to an image in the web folder
- some tags don't need an end tag
- <br> insert a blank line. no closing tag needed
- <hr width="80%" align="center" size="3" noshade color="ff45ag"> This puts a centred line across 80% of the page.
- <!--THIS IS A COMMENT. IT WON'T SHOW ON THE WEBPAGE, BUT IS USED TO DESCRIBE WHAT THE CODE DOES-->
- html has changed a lot with different versions, HTML -1990, HTML2 - 1995, HTML3 -1997, HTML4-1999, HTML5 -2014
- lots more HTML details at w3schools.com
- some more details here on how to build your own page in a text editor at thecomputingteacher.com
How a Browser Puts a Webpage Together
- A browser like Internet Explorer, Chrome, Firefox firstly goes to a web address or URL
- It looks for a html opening tag.
- If it finds it, it looks for a html closing tag.
- If it finds these two it will display a page
- It will layout the webpage based on the html tags in the webpage.
- Note: In HTML5 onwards the closing tags are different
Image
For You To Do
-
Make some HTML pages using a text editor. Details here thecomputingteacher.com
- Try to do the html test attached to this page.
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 HTML Test Basic.pdf | [ ] | 28 kB |